PERDAGANGAN KARBON DI INDONESIA: KAJIAN KELEMBAGAAN DAN KEUANGAN NEGARA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31092/jia.v4i1.741Keywords:
Emisi Karbon, Penerimaan Negara Bukan Pajak, Keuangan NegaraAbstract
Carbon trading is the new big thing in Indonesia. In the long term, carbon trading will have a huge impact on both public and private sector. Based on that, this research is conducted. There are two objectives of this research: (1) to study the implementation of carbon trading in Indonesia; and (2) to calculate the potential of non-tax revenues that can be generated from carbon trading in Indonesia. A simulation is carried out to calculate non-tax revenues by utilizing carbon reduction data included in Indonesian nationally determined contribution (NDC) at various levels of carbon prices. The simulation shows that there are potential non-tax revenues ranging from IDR51 billion up to IDR180 billion during the carbon emissions reducing program. Furthermore, each year carbon trading will contribute non-tax revenues at an amount ranging from 7,5 up to 26,1% of total Public Service Agency’s revenues for the period of 2011 until 2019. This is so far the first research that uncover carbon trading in Indonesia.Perdagangan karbon merupakan hal baru di Indonesia. Dalam jangka panjang, perdagangan karbon akan berdampak luas kepada instansi pemerintahan dan swasta. Atas dasar itu, penelitian ini dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk 1) mempelajari penerapan kebijakan perdagangan karbon di Indonesia; 2) menghitung potensi penerimaan negara bukan pajak yang berasal dari perdagangan karbon di indonesia. Simulasi dilakukan untuk menghitung potensi penerimaan negara bukan pajak dengan menggunakan data pengurangan emisi karbon yang tercantum dalam nationally determined contribution (NDC) Indonesia pada berbagai tingkat harga karbon. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan terdapat potensi penerimaan negara bukan pajak sebesar Rp 51 trilyun hingga Rp 180 trilyun selama program penurunan emisi karbon berlangsung. Selanjutnya, setiap tahun perdagangan karbon akan menyumbangkan PNBP sebesar 7,5 – 26,1% dari realisasi Pendapatan BLU Tahunan untuk periode 2011-2018. Penelitian ini merupakan yang pertama untuk menjelaskan mengenai perdagangan karbon di Indonesia.
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