Implementasi Akuntansi Karbon dalam Kebijakan Fiskal Hijau di Indonesia: Kajian Scoping Review

Authors

  • Amrie Firmansyah Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35837/subs.v9i2.3672

Keywords:

Akuntansi Karbon; Kebijakan Fiskal; Pelaporan Publik; Nilai Ekonomi Karbon; Tata Kelola Fiskal

Abstract

Research objective: This study aims to analyze the extent to which Indonesia's fiscal policy has incorporated carbon accounting principles within the public accounting system and green fiscal governance.

Method: The study employs a scoping review approach, examining legal documents, fiscal policies, institutional reports, and international references related to the management of carbon economic value. Data were analyzed qualitatively and thematically to map the relationship between fiscal policy, public accounting systems, and carbon economic mechanisms in Indonesia.

Research findings: The results indicate that Indonesia's legal and institutional frameworks have supported the implementation of carbon-based fiscal instruments; however, the integration between fiscal reporting systems and environmental data remains limited.

Practical implication: The study provides recommendations for the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, and Bappenas to strengthen institutional coordination and integrate fiscal reporting with carbon-related information.

References

Al Kautsar, G. A., & Bandiyono, A. (2025). Peran regulasi dan kebijakan pemerintah dalam implementasi pajak karbon dan pajak hijau di Indonesia. Indonesian Accounting Research Journal, 5(2), 158–168.

ASEAN Taxonomy Board. (2024). ASEAN taxonomy for sustainable finance, version 3. https://www.theacmf.org/images/downloads/pdf/ASEAN-Taxonomy-Version-3.pdf

Badan Kebijakan Fiskal. (2023). Laporan anggaran mitigasi dan adaptasi perubahan iklim tahun 2019-2021. https://fiskal.kemenkeu.go.id/files/lain-lain/file/Laporan-Anggaran-Mitigasi-Dan-Adaptasi-Perubahan-Iklim-Tahun-2019-2021.pdf

Benito, A., & Alonso, G. (2018). Energy efficiency and the environment. In Energy Efficiency in Air Transportation (pp. 153–199). https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-812581-6.00009-0

Dabbicco, G., & Bisogno, M. (2025). The role of public sector accounting in the achievement of sustainable development goals: the case of Italy. Meditari Accountancy Research, 33(7), 313–337. https://doi.org/10.1108/MEDAR-03-2024-2410

Davutluoglu, O., Yavuzdeger, A., Esenbog, B., Demirdelen, Ö., Ates, K. T., & Demirdelen, T. (2024). Carbon emission analysis and reporting in urban emissions?: An analysis of the greenhouse gas inventories and climate action plans in Sar?çam Municipality. Sustainability, 16, 4184. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16104184

ERIA, & ADB. (2025). Decarbonising Southeast Asia’s hard-to-abate and high-emitting sectors: Transition finance, technologies, and policy approaches. https://www.eria.org/uploads/Full-Report-Decarbonising-Southeast-asia-hard-to-abate.pdf/

Folkers, A. (2024). Risking carbon capital: Reporting infrastructures and the making of financial climate risks. Economy and Society, 53(3), 504–526. https://doi.org/10.1080/03085147.2024.2348316

Gan, C., Yu, J., Zhao, W., & Fan, Y. (2023). Big data industry development and carbon dioxide emissions: A quasi-natural experiment. Journal of Cleaner Production, 422(August), 138590. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.138590

Herwanda, R., & Firmansyah, A. (2025). Implementasi climate budget tagging dan akuntabilitas fiskal perubahan iklim. Financial and Tax, 5(1), 132–150. https://doi.org/10.52421/fintax.v5i2.669

ICCTF. (2024). Indonesia climate change trust fund credential. https://www.icctf.or.id/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/ICCTF_Credential_2024.pdf

Indarto, B. A., & Ani, D. A. (2024). The role of green accounting through the implementation of carbon tax as a climate change mitigation instrument in Indonesia. The Accounting Journal of Binaniaga, 08(01), 73–83. https://doi.org/10.33062/ajb.v8i01.24

International Monetary Fund. (2023). IMF policy paper review of the climate macroeconomic (Issue June). https://www.imf.org/en/publications/policy-papers/issues/2023/06/15/review-of-the-climate-macroeconomic-assessment-program-pilots-534845

International Public Sector Accounting Standards Board. (2022). Advancing public sector sustainability reporting. https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/advancing-public-sector-sustainability-reporting_ad5fb10f-en.html

International Public Sector Accounting Standards Board. (2024). Exposure Draft 1 Climate-related Disclosures (pp. 1–114). https://www.ipsasb.org/publications/ipsasb-srs-exposure-draft-1-climate-related-disclosures

Kementerian LHK. (2016). Sistem registri nasional pengendalian perubahan iklim. https://srn.kemenlh.go.id/static/srn/PDF/fin_manual_srn_publik.pdf

Luo, Y., Shen, J., Liang, H., Sun, L., & Dong, L. (2024). Supporting building life cycle carbon monitoring, reporting and verification: A traceable and immutable blockchain-empowered information management system and application in Hong Kong. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 208, 107736. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2024.107736

Markham, D., Khare, A., & Beckman, T. (2014). Greenwashing: A proposal to restrict its spread. Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management, 16(4), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1464333214500306

Mulyana, F. (2023). Indonesia’s carbon pricing: Understanding the basic regulatory framework. https://www.pwc.com/id/en/services/environmental-social-governance/indonesia-carbon-pricing.html

Mutiara, Z. Z., Krishnadianty, D., Setiawan, B., & Haryanto, J. T. (2021). Climate budget tagging: Amplifying sub-national government’s role in climate planning and financing in Indonesia. In Springer Climate, Climate Change Research, Policy and Actions in Indonesia Science, Adaptation and Mitigation (Issue 1, pp. 265–280). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55536-8_13

OECD. (2022). Pricing greenhouse gas emissions: Turning climate targets into climate action. https://doi.org/10.1787/e9778969-en

OECD. (2024). Green budgeting in OECD countries 2024. https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/green-budgeting-in-oecd-countries-2024_9aea61f0-en.html

OECD. (2025). Advancing public sector sustainability reporting: Insights from past reforms. In OECD Papers on Budgeting. https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/advancing-public-sector-sustainability-reporting_ad5fb10f-en.html

Pan, S. (2024). Projection-driven optimization framework for risk assessment of “ dual carbon ” audit in power grid enterprises with q-rung orthopair fuzzy MAGDM. Heliyon, 10(13), e34020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34020

Peraturan Menteri LHK. (2022). Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup Dan Kehutanan Nomor 21 Tahun 2022 tentang Tata Laksana Penerapan Nilai Ekonomi Karbon. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/235421/permen-lhk-no-21-tahun-2022

Peraturan Menteri LHK. (2023). Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup Dan Kehutanan Republik Indonesia Nomor 7 Tahun 2023 Tentang Tata Cara Perdagangan Karbon Sektor Kehutanan (pp. 1–18). https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/254282/permen-lhk-no-7-tahun-2023

Peraturan Presiden RI. (2021). Peraturan Presiden Nomor 98 Tahun 2021 Tentang Penyelenggaraan Nilai Ekonomi Karbon untuk Pencapaian Target Kontribusi yang Ditetapkan Secara Nasional dan Pengendalian Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca dalam Pembangunan Nasional. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/187122/perpres-no-98-tahun-2021

Peraturan Presiden RI. (2025). Peraturan Presiden (Perpres) Nomor 12 Tahun 2025 tentang Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Nasional Tahun 2025 - 2029. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/314638/perpres-no-12-tahun-2025

Pidhegso, A. Y., Huda, F. N., Lestari, V. P., Putra, H. D., Bagaskara, C., Vanny, C., & Oktaviani, A. (2022). Pelaksanaan pendanaan anggaran perubahan iklim pada pemerintah pusat dan daerah. Pusat Kajian Akuntabilitas Keuangan Negara, Badan Keahlian Sekretariat Jenderal DPR RI. https://bkd.dpr.go.id/produk/buku/56/Pelaksanaan-Penandaan-Anggaran-Perubahan-Iklim-pada-Pemerintah-Pusat-dan-Daerah

Pontoppidan, C. A., Bisogno, M., & Dabbicco, G. (2025). Safeguarding our roots: natural resources accounting and reporting in the public sector. 32(7), 147–170. https://doi.org/10.1108/MEDAR-07-2023-2106

Purnama, N. M. A., Sugiarto, C. C., Aini, R. F. N., & Putri, M. E. S. (2025). Evaluasi kesiapan dan tantangan implementasi pajak karbon di Indonesia dalam perspektif keadilan iklim dan pembangunan berkelanjutan. Jurnal Penelitian Nusantara, 1(6), 1179–1185. https://doi.org/10.59435/menulis.v1i6.496

Rahma, L., Hartono, D., & Hastuti, S. H. (2025). Carbon-tax implementation in Indonesia: a social accounting matrix analysis. Sustainability: Science, Practice, and Policy, 21(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/15487733.2025.2454061

Rahmawati, E., Nazaruddin, I., Widiastuti, H., & Sofyani, H. (2024). Environmental accounting in public sector: systematic literature review. Journal of Accounting and Investment, 25(1), 75–90. https://doi.org/10.18196/jai.v25i1.21344

Sari, W. O. I., Sahlan, F., & Supriyadi, S. (2025). Akuntansi karbon dan net zero 2060: Strategi keuangan berkelanjutan dalam mewujudkan target netralitas karbon nasional (studi literatur di Indonesia). Jurnal Kewirausahaan, Akuntansi Dan Manajemen, 7(2), 220–230. https://doi.org/10.59806/jkamtb.v7i2.533

The World Bank. (2024). State and trends of carbon pricing. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstreams/152de0c2-e2be-49d6-aec1-3be8ebad4f74/download

Tricco, A. C., Lillie, E., Zarin, W., O’Brien, K. K., Colquhoun, H., Levac, D., Moher, D., Peters, M. D. J., Horsley, T., Weeks, L., Hempel, S., Akl, E. A., Chang, C., McGowan, J., Stewart, L., Hartling, L., Aldcroft, A., Wilson, M. G., Garritty, C., … Straus, S. E. (2018). PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and explanation. Annals of Internal Medicine, 169(7), 467–473. https://doi.org/10.7326/M18-0850

Undang-Undang RI. (2003). Undang-Undang Nomor 17 tahun 2003 tentang Keuangan Negara. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Details/43017/uu-no-17-tahun-2003

Undang-Undang RI. (2004). Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 1 Tahun 2004 Tentang Perbendaharaan Negara. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Details/40446/uu-no-1-tahun-2004

Undang-Undang RI. (2021). Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2021 Tentang Harmonisasi Peraturan Perpajakan. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Details/185162/uu-no-7-tahun-2021

Undang-Undang RI. (2022). Undang-undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2022 Tentang Hubungan Keuangan Antara Pemerintah Pusat dan Pemerintahan Daerah. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/195696/uu-no-1-tahun-2022

UNDP. (2022). Global climate public finance review. https://www.undp.org/publications/undp-global-climate-public-finance-review

UNEP. (2024). Governmental carbon pricing. https://www.unepfi.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/NZAOA-Updated-Position-on-Governmental-Carbon-Pricing_final.pdf

United Nations. (2015). The Paris Agreement. https://doi.org/10.4324/9789276082569-2

United Nations. (2024). System of environmental-economic accounting-ecosystem accounting. https://seea.un.org/sites/seea.un.org/files/documents/EA/seea_ea_f124_web_12dec24.pdf

VCMI. (2025). Carbon markets access toolkit. https://vcmintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/VCMI-Carbon-Markets-Access-Toolkit-English.pdf

Yusuf, A., Atmini, S., & Amirya, M. (2024). Implementation of carbon accounting in green buildings at the Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing (PUPR). International Journal of Business, Economics & Management, 7(2), 88–111. https://doi.org/10.21744/ijbem.v7n2.2280

Downloads

Published

2025-12-12

How to Cite

Firmansyah, A. (2025). Implementasi Akuntansi Karbon dalam Kebijakan Fiskal Hijau di Indonesia: Kajian Scoping Review. Substansi: Sumber Artikel Akuntansi Auditing Dan Keuangan Vokasi, 9(2), 17–42. https://doi.org/10.35837/subs.v9i2.3672