The Impact Of Thin Capitalization Rules On Tax Avoidance In Indonesia

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31092/jpi.v6i2S.1972

Keywords:

DER, Tax avoidance, Thin capitalization

Abstract

This study aimed to examine the impact of thin capitalization rules implementation on corporate tax avoidance in Indonesia. The study used a purposive sampling method from firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2014 to 2017 and obtain 504 firm-year observations. The data was separated into two categories, high DER firms and low DER firms. Data analysis was conducted using regression models with difference in differences approach and Stata version 14. The result showed that thin capitalization rules significantly decreased tax avoidance both of high DER firms and low DER firms. This study extends previous researches on the impact of thin capitalization rules on tax avoidance. Using difference in difference approach with four years observations, two years before implementation and two years after implementation which is still rarely performed in Indonesia. The number of samples that represent the population become limitation of this study. It occurs since there are few companies listed on the IDX, and audited only by audit firm not according to the DGT.

References

APBN. (2020). APBN. https://www.kemenkeu.go.id/apbn2020

Astuti, T. P., & Aryani, Y. A. (2017). Tren Penghindaran Pajak Perusahaan Manufaktur Di Indonesia Yang Terdaftar Di Bei Tahun 2001-2014. Jurnal Akuntansi, 20(3), 375–388. https://doi.org/10.24912/ja.v20i3.4

Besley, T., & Persson, T. (2014). Why do developing countries tax so little? Journal of Economic Perspectives, 28(4), 99–120. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.28.4.99

Brigham, E. F., & Ehrhardt, M. C. (2008). Financial Management: Theory and Practice (12th edition). Thomson Learning.

Brealey, R., & Myers, S. (1981). Principles of Corporate Finance Washington. McGraw-Hill.

Buettner, T., Overesch, M., Schreiber, U., & Wamser, G. (2012). The impact of thin-capitalization rules on the capital structure of multinational firms. Journal of Public Economics, 96(11–12), 930–938. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2012.06.008

Chen, S., Chen, X., Cheng, Q., & Shevlin, T. (2010). Are family firms more tax aggressive than non-family firms? Journal of Financial Economics, 95(1), 41–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2009.02.003

Clemente-Almendros, J. A., & Sogorb-Mira, F. (2016). The effect of taxes on the debt policy of spanish listed companies. SERIEs, 7(3), 359–391. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13209-016-0147-4

Cobham, A., & Janský, P. (2018). Global distribution of revenue loss from corporate tax avoidance: re-estimation and country results. In Journal of International Development (No. 55; Vol. 30, Issue 2). https://doi.org/10.1002/jid.3348

Creswell, J. W. (2014). Penelitian Kualitatif dan Desain Riset: Memilih Diantara Lima Pendekatan. Pustaka Pelajar.

Desai, M. A., & Dharmapala, D. (2011). Taxation and Corporate Governance: An Economic Approach. In SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.983563

Dyreng, S. D., Hanlon, M., & Maydew, E. L. (2008). Long-run corporate tax avoidance. Accounting Review, 83(1), 61–82. https://doi.org/10.2308/accr.2008.83.1.61

Feld, L. P., Heckemeyer, J. H., & Overesch, M. (2013). Capital structure choice and company taxation: A meta-study. Journal of Banking and Finance, 37(8), 2850–2866. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2013.03.017

Godfrey, J., Hodgson, A., Tarca, A., Hamilton, J., & Holmes, S. (2010). Accounting theory (7th ed.). John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.

Goyvaerts, D., & Roggeman, A. (2020). The Impact of Thin Capitalization Rules on Subsidiary Financing: Evidence from Belgium. Economist (Netherlands), 168(1), 23–51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10645-019-09353-x

Graham, J. R., & Tucker, A. L. (2006). Tax shelters and corporate debt policy. Journal of Financial Economics, 81(3), 563–594. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2005.09.002

Gujarati, D. N. (2009). Basic Econometrics (4th Editio). McGraw Hill.

Hanlon, M., & Heitzman, S. (2010). A review of tax research. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 50(2–3), 127–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2010.09.002

Horne, J., & Wachowicz, J. (2005). Fundamentals of Financial Management Prinsip-prinsip Manajemen Keuangan. Salemba Empat.

Huizinga, H., Laeven, L., & Nicodeme, G. (2008). Capital structure and international debt shifting. In Journal of Financial Economics (Vol. 88, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2007.05.006

Imbens, G. W., & Wooldridge, J. M. (2009). Recent developments in the econometrics of program evaluation. Journal of Economic Literature, 47(1), 5–86. https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.47.1.5

Jovanovic, T., & Klun, M. (2017). Tax policy assessment in slovenia-case of interest tax shield. Danube, 8(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1515/danb-2017-0001

Lanis, R., & Richardson, G. (2013). Corporate social responsibility and tax aggressiveness: A test of legitimacy theory. Accounting, Auditing and Accountability Journal, 26(1), 75–100. https://doi.org/10.1108/09513571311285621.

Mayberry, M. (2012). Tax avoidance and investment: Distinguishing the effects of capital rationing and overinvestment (Doctoral dissertation, Texas A&M University, United States of America).

Modigliani, F., & Miller, M. H. M. (1963). American Economic Association Corporate Income Taxes and the Cost of Capital : A Correction. American Economic Review, 53(3), 433–443. http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=CIni3oHnprEC&oi=fnd&pg=PA73&dq=Corporate+income+taxes+and+the+cost+of+capital:+a+correction.&ots=yshEqnotBe&sig=1DqjIwN5BMLbgGr_hWfrrdWhKSA

OECD. (2017). Limiting Base Erosion Involving Interest Deductions and Other Financial Payments. In Action 4.

OECD. (2019). Revenue Statistics 2019 : Tax Revenue Trends in the OECD.

Ogundajo, G. (2016). Tax Planning and Financial Performance of Nigerian Manufacturing Companies Determinants of Dividend Policy and Firm Value View project. International Journal of Advanced Academic Research, 2, 2488–9849. https://doi:10.5251/ajsms.2013.4.2.71.77.

Overesch, M., & Wamser, G. (2010). Corporate tax planning and thin-capitalization rules: Evidence from a quasi-experiment. Applied Economics, 42(5), 563–573. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036840701704477

Rahayu, N. (2011). Praktik Penghindaran Pajak oleh Foreign Direct Investment Berbentuk Perseroan Terbatas Penanaman Modal Asing. Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi Negara, 10(2), 171–180. https://jiana.ejournal.unri.ac.id/index.php/JIANA/article/download/1067/1060

Ramadhan, M. R., Frandyanto, S. A., & Riandoko, R. (2017). Pengaruh Thin Capitalization Rule Pada Leverage Perusahaan Masuk Bursa Di Indonesia. Riset Akuntansi Dan Keuangan Indonesia, 2(2), 152–155. https://doi.org/10.23917/reaksi.v2i2.4912

Rulman, A. (2017). Thin Capitalisation In Indonesia: Should Indonesia Follow Oecd Beps Project Recommendation On Thin Capitalisation? In International Business Tax Economics. Tilburg University.

Salwah, S., & Herianti, E. (2019). Pengaruh Aktivitas Thin Capitalization Terhadap Penghindaran Pajak. JRB-Jurnal Riset Bisnis, 3(1), 30–36. https://doi.org/10.35592/jrb.v3i1.978

Saragih, A. H. (2018). Analisis Efektivitas Peraturan Kementerian Keuangan Nomor 169/Pmk.010/2015 (Pmk-169) (Studi Empiris Atas Perusahaan Publik Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2015-2016). Accruals, 2(2), 11–19. https://doi.org/10.35310/accruals.v2i2.10

Shefrin, H. (2007). How the disposition effect and momentum impact investment professionals. Journal of Investment Consulting, 8(2), 68–79.

Singh, A. (1995). Corporate financial patterns in industrializing economies: a comparative international study. In Corporate financial patterns in industrializing economies: a comparative international study (2).

Stapleton, R. C., Brealey, R., & Myers, S. (1981). Principles of Corporate Finance. In The Journal of Finance (Vol. 36, Issue 4). McGraw Hill. https://doi.org/10.2307/2327568

Sugiyono. (2018). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif. Alfabeta.

Sunarsih, U., & Handayani, P. (2018). Pengaruh Corporate Governance terhadap Penghindaran Pajak pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Jurnal Akuntansi, 12(2), 163–185. https://doi.org/10.25170/jara.v12i2.87

Taylor, G., & Richardson, G. (2012). International Corporate Tax Avoidance Practices: Evidence from Australian Firms. International Journal of Accounting, 47(4), 469–496. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intacc.2012.10.004

Worldbank. (2020). Government Finance Statistics. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/GC.TAX.TOTL.GD.ZS?name_desc=false

Zaina. (2017). Thin Capitalization Rules, Firm’s Financing Decision, and Corporate Tax Avoidance in Developing Country : Evidence from Indonesia. In Erasmus School of Economics Journal. Erasmus University.

Downloads

Published

2022-12-22

How to Cite

Mahardika, R., & Irawan, F. (2022). The Impact Of Thin Capitalization Rules On Tax Avoidance In Indonesia. JURNAL PAJAK INDONESIA (Indonesian Tax Review), 6(2S), 651–662. https://doi.org/10.31092/jpi.v6i2S.1972

Most read articles by the same author(s)